geotextile sand container shoreline protection systems: design and application

the use geotextile sand containers (gscs) as shoreline protection systems, has grown moderately since the first applications in the 1970s. this slow growth can be attributed to two factors; firstly, the lack of understanding of coastal processes and design fundamentals by the larger geosyntheticcommunity in order to provide coastal engineers with suitable solutions, and secondly; there has been very little rigorous scientific wave flume testing with which to analyse the wave stability of geotextile sand containers. the application of geotextile containers in coastal protection works can be traced back to early works carried out in 1970s. the application of these types of structures was somewhat haphazard as very little was understood about the wave stability and durability of the structures. early wave stability work was carried out ray (1977) and jacobs (1983) with small containers, however, the testing programs were limited and did not provide sufficient confidence in the product to carry out exhaustive engineering design. as a result, the technology until recently has relied on manufacturers’ design suggestions based on monitoring of actual structures. over the past five years, coastal population pressure, extreme events and concerns over climate change and sea level rise have resulted in more emphasis being placed on shoreline protection systems. geotextile manufacturers have responded to the challenges put forward by design engineers and intensive research has been carried out in the field.