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مجموعه مقالات حقوق جزا و فلسفه 1392
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  • vera bergelson: victims’ rights and victims’ wrongs

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    • تاریخ ارائه: 1392/07/24
    • تاریخ انتشار در تی پی بین: 1392/07/24
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     the premise of this book is that it is ‘‘common to think of crime as something that ‘bad guys’ do to ‘good guys’’’, to ‘‘think of the victim in the passive voice, as … someone who was an object rather than a subject of an offense’’, even to think of ‘‘the world as split into two categories, the guilty and the innocent’’ (p. 1). however, this attitude is characteristic, not of the ‘‘complex conception of responsibility shared by social sciences, moral philosophy and the community’’ (pp. 55–56), but specifically of the ‘‘1-d doctrine of responsibility’’ embedded in anglo-american criminal law: ‘‘[c]ourts are unanimous in stating that, unless it is the sole proximate cause of the resulting harm, the victim’s conduct is irrelevant’’ to criminal liability (p. 15). vera bergelson takes issue with this premise, pointing out its inadequacy in comparison to the more complex conception of responsibility she locates in ordinary moral consciousness. she argues that victims can be partly responsible for the harm they suffer in such a way as to alter the moral significanceof the criminal act. there are some nice examples to back this up: a man agrees to be eaten by another man; a speeding motorist kills a person who throws himself in front of her car (but whom she could have avoided had she not been speeding); a woman kills her husband after a history of abuse (p. 2). bergelson argues that the moral difference that the victim’s contribution can make should be reflected in the nature of the crime for which the defendant is convicted. hence defendants should have available to them a defence of comparative liability, a new defence bergelson characterises as a partial justification.

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