• ships’ ballast water reception and treatment, a new method to combat invasive aquatic species

    جزئیات بیشتر مقاله
    • تاریخ ارائه: 1387/01/01
    • تاریخ انتشار در تی پی بین: 1387/01/01
    • تعداد بازدید: 735
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     many years ago, aquatic species freely spread all over the world through natural factors like oceanic currents and winds, meteorological phenomena, sticking to floating objects, etc. with only biological and environmental factors like temperature, salinity of water and natural predators to prevent them. today, ships and their ballast water are the main transferring mode for seven to ten thousand species including aquatic animals, plants and micro-organisms. these species are 1 of the 4 major threats to world's oceans; the other 3 major threats are land-sourced marine pollution, over-exploitation of living marine resources; & physical alteration/destruction of habitats. transfer of aquatic species has increased in the past century in terms of extent and degree of damage, and evidence shows its continuity. it is estimated that some 12 billion tons of ballast water is annually transferred by ships in the world and at least 3 to 4 thousand species are transferred everyday (matheickal, 2006).

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