void shape effects and voids starting from cracked inclusion

numerical, axisymmetric cell model analyses are used to study the growth of voids in ductile metals, until the mechanism of coalescence with neighbouring voids sets in. a special feature of the present analyses is that extremely small values of the initial void volume fraction are considered, down to 10⁻¹⁰, which means that the metal undergoes huge strains before coalescence. this is accounted for in the present analyses by using remeshing techniques. the evolution of the void shape during the large deformations is a natural outcome of the numerical analysis. also the effect of different initial void shapes is considered, as well as the effect of different spacings between the voids in the axial and transverse directions. while these first analyses are carried out for voids in a homogeneous metal, a second set of cell model studies are carried out for voids that initiate from a crack in a hard second phase particle. as the particle deforms relatively little the void growth is here dominated by strong blunting of the metal at the tip of the initial penny-shaped crack. these analyses are used to estimate how well the void shape evolution would be approximated by assuming that the presence of the particle in the material adjacent to the void can be neglected.