increasing the performance of shell-and-tube heat exchangers

heat exchangers are typically employed in the process industries as a means of providing heat transfer between two streams of fluid across a medium. a shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. it is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. improving processes and increasing efficiency of heat exchanger is a necessary case. hence, in this paper, some methods for increasing shell-and-tube exchanger performance were described.