friction and heat transfer characteristics of laminar swirl flow through the round tubes inserted with alternate clockwise and counter-clockwise twisted-tapes

the thermohydraulic characteristics of the circular tubes equipped with alternate clockwise and counter-clockwise twisted-tapes (ta) for the reynolds number ranging from 830 to 1990, are reported. in the experiments, the twisted tapes with three different twist ratios (y/w = 3, 4 and 5) were inserted individually into the uniform wall heat flux tubes where water was utilized as the working fluid. the plain tube and the tube inserted with twisted tape (tt) were also tested, for comparison. the obtained results reveal that, nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance factor associated by ta are higher than those associated by tt. among the tapes examined, the one with the smallest twist ratio of y/w = 3 is found to be the most efficient for heat transfer enhancement. for the range studied, the applications of both tt and ta for heat transfer enhancement are found to be promising since the thermal performance factors determined under the same pumping power are all above unity. in addition, the empirical correlations for nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance factor have also been developed. the consequential results obtained from the correlations are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results within ± 8% variation for nusselt number (nu), ± 8% for thermal performance factor (η) and ± 5% for friction factor (f).