spatiotemporal trend analysis of temperature in the northern hemisphere during the years 1982-2016

in this study, long-term annual and seasonal trends in mean temperature are investigated over the northern hemisphere. the statistical significance of trends is assessed by the mann-kendall test. the results revealed that the temperature had experienced significant positive trends over arctic region. the arctic region has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average, a phenomenon known as arctic amplification [1]. the probability of a link between arctic change and mid-latitude weather has created research activities that reveal three potential dynamical pathways linking arctic amplification to mid-latitude weather changes in storm tracks, the jet stream, and planetary waves and their associated energy propagation. however, because of incomplete knowledge of how high-latitude climate-change influences on mid-latitude weather, combined with sparse and short data records, and imperfect models, large uncertainties regarding the magnitude of such an influence remain. the results of studies show that we will need improved understanding, further arctic observations, and modeling studies to discover the relationship between arctic amplification and mid-latitude weather.