failure mechanism of tunneling in clay; solution by gfrp reinforcement

failure mechanism of tunneling in clay; solution by gfrp reinforcement

there has been an increasing demand for new tunnels in respond to rapid growth in cities. earth pressure balanced or slurry shield tunneling method is commonly used to construct tunnels in soft ground to improve stability and safety. the use of this kind of reinforcement in tunnel segments allows several advantages mainly related to durability aspects or when provisional lining is forecast. this paper is going to consider the mechanism of failure for tunneling in clay and to find the solution by one of the most respectable kind of reinforcement. the use of gfrp rebars as structural reinforcement in precast tunnel segments, allows several advantages in terms of structural durability or in cases of temporary lining that will have to be demolished later. the application of glass fiber reinforced polymer (gfrp) reinforcement in concrete structures, has encountering an increasing interest worldwide, for several applications in civil engineering.