relationship between streaming potential and compressive stress in bovine intervertebral tissue

the intervertebral disc is formed by the nucleus pulposus (np) and annulus fibrosus (af), and intervertebral tissue contains a large amount of negatively charged proteoglycan. when this tissue becomes deformed, a streaming potential is induced by liquid flow with positive ions. the anisotropic property of the af tissue is caused by the structural anisotropy of the solid phase and the liquid phase flowing into the tissue with the streaming potential. this study investigated the relationship between the streaming potential and applied stress in bovine intervertebral tissue while focusing on the anisotropy and loading location. column-shaped specimens, 5.5 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick, were prepared from the tissue of the af, np and the annulus–nucleus transition region (an). the loading direction of each specimen was oriented in the spinal axial direction, as well as in the circumferential and radial directions of the spine considering the anisotropic properties of the af tissue. the streaming potential changed linearly with stress in all specimens. the linear coefficients k_e of the relationship between stress and streaming potential depended on the extracted positions. these coefficients were not affected by the anisotropy of the af tissue. in addition, these coefficients were lower in af than in np specimens. except in the np specimen, the k_e values were higher under faster compression rate conditions. in cyclic compression loading the streaming potential changed linearly with compressive stress, regardless of differences in the tissue and load frequency.