lattice boltzmann simulation of natural convection in tall enclosures using water/sio2 nanofluid

natural convection in enclosures using water/sio² nanofluid is simulated with lattice boltzmann method (lbm). this investigation compared with other numerical methods and found to be in excellent agreement. this study has been carried out for the pertinent parameters in the following ranges: the rayleigh number of base fluid, ra = 10³–10⁵, the volumetric fraction of nanoparticles between 0 and 4% and aspect ratio (a) of the enclosure between 0.5 and 2. the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is obtained on basis of experimental data. the comparisons show that the average nusselt number increases with volume fraction for the whole range of rayleigh numbers and aspect ratios. also the effect of nanoparticles on heat transfer augments as the enclosure aspect ratio increases.