complementary menus: combining adaptable and adaptive approaches for menu interface

this study proposes a method of coupling adaptable and adaptive approaches to the design of menus. the proposed complementary menu types incorporate both adaptability and adaptivity by dividing and allocating menu adaptation roles to the user and the system. four different types of interface adaptation (i.e., adaptable with/without system support and adaptive with/without user control) were defined. they were implemented in a hypothetical prototype mobile phone via a hotlist (an additional collection of quickly accessible items). a controlled lab experiment was conducted to compare the menu types and investigate the effects of the system support in the adaptable menus and the user control in the adaptive menus. twenty subjects participated in the experiment and performed menu selection tasks. both performance and user satisfaction measures were collected. the results showed that adaptable and adaptive menus were superior to the traditional one in terms of both performance and user satisfaction. providing system support to the adaptable menu not only increased the users’ perception of the efficiency of selection, but also reduced the menu adaptation time. important implications for the design of menus are described and valuable insights into the menu interface adaptation were gained from the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the experimental results. relevance to industry the evaluation experiment conducted in this study may provide valuable information to designers of adaptive or adaptable menus. adding system support to adaptable menu would be an attractive option to consider. also, the results of a user survey provide useful information to the practitioners in mobile phone industry on the features users accessed most frequently.