a review on modeling of the lower urinary tract

this paper presents a review on modeling of bladder and the lower urinary tract. a biomechanical model of the lower urinary tract which is able to respond to input signals from a neural network is presented. the neural input is the starting point in the description of the relationships between the various physical parameters in the mechanical model of the bladder and the urethra. the cybernetics of the lower urinary tract are described on the basis of the muscle dynamics of simple models of both the detrusor in the bladder wall and the urethral sphincter. parameters like the bladder volume, the flow rate and the pressure in the bladder can be compared with clinical data of urodynamic measurements. bladder model includes detrusor and sphincter dynamics. the model focuses on artificially controlled bladder contractions under electrical stimulation. outputs in these models are (pressure, volume and urine flux). a sensitivity analysis of various parameters in the model leads to a better understanding of the biomechanics of the lower urinary tract ad bladder.