recent developments and applications of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls

recent developments and applications of geosynthetic reinforced soil (grs) walls were presented in this paper. high flexibility and stability of reinforced soil structures make them very useful structures and cause their extended applications as retaining structures at side embankments of roads, slopes, and as abutments especially at regions with high seismic risk. pre-constructed grs walls with large heights and their performance were investigated. grs walls with rigid facing for railroad projects were assessed and compared with the traditional structures. in addition, grs structures and traditional retaining structures for bridge abutments were compared.