modeling of convective heat transfer of a nanofluid in the developing region of tube flow with computational fluid dynamics

in this article, convective heat transfer effect on the nanofluid flow in the developing region of a tube with constant heat flux was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (cfd). for this purpose, nanofluid containing al₂o₃ and water as a liquid single phase with two average particle sizes of 45 and 150 nm and four particle concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 6 wt.% were used. effect of particle size on convective heat transfer coefficient was investigated in different reynolds numbers (500 < re < 2500) for various axial locations of tube. according to the modeling results, an equation was obtained for nusselt number prediction using the dimensionless numbers. the results showed that the predicted data were in very good agreement with experimental data obtained from the literature. the maximum error was around 10%.