vibration design for horseshoe shaped tunnel by abaqus software

due to the importance and diversity of tunnel designing, design of tunnel linings has been widely investigated so far. in the present paper, using (abaqus) for modeling tunnel under seismic and frequency load.  the result of this study shows displacement and von-mises stress increase when the pressure load increase. all of models are capable to be resistant under earthquake load. the maximum displacement is about 500 mm for lining tunnel without soil structure interaction. moreover, increasing the pressure load led to a little increase in dynamic response of the lining.