salt tolerate mechanisms in rubia tinctorum plant; a review

madder (rubia tinctorum l.) is a perennial herbaceous plant and a member of the rubiaceae family. the plant has been cultivated since ancient times for its value and importance as an industrial crop as well as its medicinal properties. iran is known internationally as main producer of madder, at present time it is mainly cultivated in some parts of yazd province (central region of iran) an arid and desert area with scarce and saline water resources. soil salinization is a growing problem for agriculture worldwide. salt accumulation in arable soils is mainly derived from irrigation water that contains trace amounts of sodium chloride (nacl) and from seawater. in recent years, increased attention has been paid to the use of saline soil and water resources for crop production. the development of more salt tolerant crop plants is a reasonable goal for plant breeding programs. defining salt tolerance is difficult because of the complex nature of salt stress and the wide range of plant responses. in this review we have studied summarize the most important mechanisms of salt tolerance at the physiological and molecular levels in this plant.